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Epistaxis

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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Published on: December 6, 2016

Intraoperative Bleeding Control with Terlipressin in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Vladimir E Pavlov¹, Yury S Polushin¹, Leonid V Kolotilov²

¹Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

The Laryngoscope

|April 17, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Terlipressin significantly reduced intraoperative bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This study found low-dose terlipressin effective for bleeding control without adverse effects on blood pressure.

Keywords:

functional endoscopic sinus surgery general anesthesia intraoperative bleeding control terlipressin

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Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

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Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

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Published on: November 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Surgical Innovation
Pharmacology

Background:

Intraoperative bleeding poses challenges in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).
Effective hemostatic agents are crucial for surgical safety and visibility.
Terlipressin's potential for bleeding reduction in FESS requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the efficacy of terlipressin in reducing intraoperative bleeding during FESS.
To compare bleeding intensity and hemodynamic parameters between patients receiving terlipressin and those not.

Main Methods:

A prospective, randomized, single-blinded study involving 74 FESS cases under general anesthesia.
Patients were divided into two groups: terlipressin (200 μg) and control (no terlipressin).
Bleeding intensity (BI), heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), and perfusion index (PI) were recorded.

Main Results:

The terlipressin group showed significantly reduced BI and PI compared to the control group.
Mean blood pressure was higher in the terlipressin group, while heart rate remained similar.
Terlipressin use was associated with a significantly lower risk of significant bleeding (OR 0.028 at 30 min, OR 0.140 at 60 min).

Conclusions:

Low-dose terlipressin (200 μg) effectively reduces intraoperative bleeding in FESS.
Terlipressin administration did not compromise blood pressure during general anesthesia for FESS.
Terlipressin is a promising agent for improving hemostasis in FESS procedures.