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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Systemic lupus erythematosus and thyroid disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Lincheng Duan1, Yue Shi1, Yue Feng2

  • 1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.

Clinical Rheumatology
|April 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to a higher risk of developing thyroid conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. This genetic study suggests a causal relationship, aiding in better patient evaluation.

Keywords:
HyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMendelian randomizationSystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with complex etiology.
  • The relationship between SLE and thyroid disease remains debated.
  • Understanding potential causal links is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal association between SLE and thyroid disorders.
  • To clarify the controversy surrounding SLE and thyroid disease comorbidity.
  • To provide evidence for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the IEU GWAS database for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data.
  • Employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, including MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), and inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods.
  • Assessed pleiotropy and heterogeneity using MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO, and Cochran's Q test.

Main Results:

  • MR analysis indicated a significant association between SLE and increased risk of hypothyroidism (IVW OR: 1.004) and hyperthyroidism (IVW OR: 1.0009).
  • Sensitivity analyses found no evidence of significant horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.
  • The findings suggest a robust causal link between SLE and thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • This MR study provides strong evidence for a causal link between SLE and an elevated risk of thyroid disease.
  • The results support more comprehensive thyroid function testing in SLE patients.
  • Further research into the underlying mechanisms connecting SLE and thyroid illness is warranted.