CD150-dependent hematopoietic stem cell sensing of Brucella instructs myeloid commitment

So far, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are considered the source of mature immune cells, the latter being the only ones capable of mounting an immune response. Recent evidence shows HSC can also directly sense cytokines released upon infection/inflammation and pathogen-associated molecular pattern interaction while keeping a long-term memory of previously encountered signals. Direct sensing of danger signals by HSC induces early myeloid commitment, increases myeloid effector cell numbers, and contributes to an efficient immune response. Here, by using specific genetic tools on both the host and pathogen sides, we show that HSC can directly sense B. abortus pathogenic bacteria within the bone marrow via the interaction of the cell surface protein CD150 with the bacterial outer membrane protein Omp25, inducing efficient functional commitment of HSC to the myeloid lineage. This is the first demonstration of direct recognition of a live pathogen by HSC via CD150, which attests to a very early contribution of HSC to immune response.