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Contributions to the impedance cardiogram waveform.

J Kosicki, L H Chen, R Hobbie

    Annals of Biomedical Engineering
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study presents a model of the impedance cardiogram, identifying aortic and carotid artery dilation, blood conductivity changes, lung conductivity, and heart volume as key contributors. Findings suggest current stroke volume calculations may be inaccurate under certain circulatory conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Research

    Background:

    • The impedance cardiogram (ICG) is a non-invasive technique used to assess cardiac function.
    • Understanding the physiological variables influencing the ICG signal is crucial for accurate interpretation.
    • Existing models may not fully capture the complexity of ICG signal generation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a cylindrically symmetric model to investigate physiological contributions to the impedance cardiogram signal.
    • To identify the primary physiological factors affecting thoracic impedance measurements.
    • To evaluate the accuracy of current equations used for stroke volume determination from ICG data.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a cylindrically symmetric mathematical model.

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  • Simulation of physiological variables including arterial dilation, blood conductivity changes, lung conductivity, and heart volume.
  • Analysis of the model's output to determine contributions to the ICG signal.

    • Main Results:

    • Aortic and carotid artery dilation significantly contribute to the ICG signal.
    • Changes in blood conductivity due to red blood cell reorientation during flow impact the signal.
    • Variations in lung conductivity and heart volume are also identified as major contributors.
    • Model calculations indicate potential inaccuracies in commonly used stroke volume equations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model provides insight into the physiological basis of the impedance cardiogram.
    • The accuracy of stroke volume calculations derived from thoracic impedance may be compromised under specific physiological states.
    • Further refinement of ICG analysis methods is warranted based on these findings.