Encapsulins: Structure, Properties, and Biotechnological Applications.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Nanotechnology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Prokaryotic nanocompartments called encapsulins were discovered in 1994.
• Encapsulin shells are icosahedral structures (24-42 nm) formed by self-assembling protomer proteins.
• These compartments can encapsulate diverse native and non-native cargo proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review strategies for applying encapsulins in various scientific fields.
• To highlight the potential of encapsulins in biomedicine and nanobiotechnologies.
• To explore the use of modified encapsulin shells for targeted applications.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on encapsulin structure and function.
• Analysis of reported applications in drug delivery, imaging, and bioreactors.
• Discussion of methods for modifying encapsulin shells and encapsulating non-native proteins.

Main Results:

• Encapsulins offer a versatile platform for encapsulating proteins.
• Shell surface modification enables targeted delivery and imaging applications.
• Encapsulins can be engineered as functional bioreactors.

Conclusions:

• Encapsulins represent a promising nanobiotechnology with broad applications.
• Their adaptability makes them suitable for developing novel therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
• Further research into encapsulin engineering will expand their utility in science and medicine.