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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

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Antibiotic associated diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile in a tertiary care teaching hospital, central India

Sunandini Kapoor1, Shashwati Nema1, Debasis Biswas1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.

Iranian Journal of Microbiology
|April 18, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is increasing due to antibiotic misuse. Clostridioides difficile causes 18.4% of AAD cases, with GDH antigen and toxin A/B ELISA showing higher detection rates than stool culture.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Antibiotic misuse contributes to rising rates of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).
  • Clostridioides difficile is a key pathogen in AAD, implicated in 15-25% of cases.
  • Underdiagnosis of C. difficile has been a persistent challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of C. difficile in patients with AAD.
  • To investigate the clinical presentation of C. difficile infection.
  • To identify associated risk factors for C. difficile infection.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients over 2 years old.
  • C. difficile diagnosis utilized glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen testing followed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for toxin detection.
  • Stool culture with toxin gene detection was used as a secondary diagnostic method.

Main Results:

  • Out of 65 patients, 12 (18.4%) tested positive for C. difficile.
  • The younger age group showed the highest prevalence.
  • Abdominal pain and fever were the most frequent symptoms; Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic (25%).

Conclusions:

  • C. difficile is a significant pathogen in AAD, with an observed prevalence of 18.4%.
  • GDH antigen detection combined with Toxin A/B EIA offers a superior detection rate compared to stool culture for C. difficile.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing AAD caused by C. difficile.
Keywords:
AntibioticsClostridioides difficileDiarrhea

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