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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

15
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
17
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

179
Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
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Conservative interventions for managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery.

Eugenie E Johnson1,2, Charalampos Mamoulakis3, Akvile Stoniute1,2

  • 1Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|April 18, 2023
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Summary

Conservative treatments like pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) show uncertain effectiveness for managing urinary incontinence (UI) after prostate surgery. More high-quality research is needed to determine the true value of these interventions for men experiencing UI.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Prostate surgery for cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia can lead to urinary incontinence (UI) in men.
  • Conservative interventions, including pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and electrical stimulation, are used to manage post-prostatectomy UI.

Approach:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs.
  • Searched major databases up to April 2022, including Cochrane Incontinence Specialised Register, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
  • Assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence using GRADE methodology.

Key Points:

  • PFMT with biofeedback showed low-certainty evidence for subjective cure but uncertain objective cure rates and adverse events.
  • Combinations of conservative treatments had low-certainty evidence for subjective improvement and moderate-certainty evidence for quality of life, with high-certainty evidence for objective cure.
  • No studies reported on electrical or magnetic stimulation for key outcomes; many included trials had high risk of bias.

Conclusions:

  • The overall effectiveness of conservative interventions for post-prostatectomy UI remains uncertain due to small trial sizes and methodological flaws.
  • Lack of standardization in PFMT techniques and varied protocols for combined treatments hinder definitive conclusions.
  • Large, high-quality RCTs with robust methodology are necessary to establish the efficacy of these conservative treatments.