Precision immunotherapy treatment for sepsis

In intensive care units, sepsis has traditionally been the disease with the highest mortality rate and the highest cost of care. Now, the attention to sepsis is not only the initial systemic inflammatory response, but also the immune disorders which lead to the weakened clearance of septic infection foci, the activation of secondary infection and latent infection, and ultimately organ dysfunction. The research of sepsis immunotherapy is in full swing. However, there are not any fully approved clinically effective drugs on the market now, and we do not fully understand the immunological microenvironment in sepsis. This article intends to inspire future clinical practice by providing a thorough analysis of sepsis immunotherapy from the perspectives of immune status evaluation, potential immunotherapy drugs, defects in immunotherapy, and future research prospects.