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Expert intuition, particularly in chess, relies on a holistic understanding of the situation. Higher skill levels correlate with better evaluations, supporting the role of intuition in expertise.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Expertise Studies

Background:

  • Intuition is crucial for cognition and expertise.
  • Theories suggest expert intuition involves holistic understanding.
  • Testing expert intuition requires skilled participants and brief exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of holistic understanding in expert intuition.
  • To test predictions from Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986) and Gobet and Chassy (2008) theories.
  • To examine how skill level influences the evaluation of complex cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 63 chess players, from candidate masters to world-class.
  • Participants evaluated chess problems under short presentation times.
  • Assessed evaluation accuracy in relation to skill, position complexity, and evaluation extremity.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a significant effect of skill: better players achieved superior evaluations.
  • Found that simpler positions were evaluated more accurately than complex ones.
  • Accuracy decreased as true evaluations became more extreme.
  • Skill explained 44% of the variance in evaluation error.

Conclusions:

  • Results strongly support the central role of holistic intuition in expertise.
  • Holistic understanding appears to be a key characteristic of expert performance.
  • The study provides empirical evidence for theoretical models of expert intuition.