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Related Concept Videos

Communication01:03

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the human psyche...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Using Pharmacological Manipulation and High-precision Radio Telemetry to Study the Spatial Cognition in Free-ranging Animals
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Gender differences in animal cognition science.

Ioanna Gavriilidi1,2, Raoul Van Damme3

  • 1Functional Morphology Lab, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. ioanna.gavriilidi@uantwerp.be.

Animal Cognition
|April 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Women in animal cognition science achieve parity in many areas but face disparities in senior authorship and citation rates for all-women teams. Continued research is needed to address remaining gender biases in the field.

Keywords:
Animal cognitionAuthor genderCitation biasGender biasTeam gender balance

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Area of Science:

  • Animal cognition research
  • Scientific publishing
  • Gender studies in science

Background:

  • Women's representation in scientific fields is increasing, with some approaching gender parity.
  • Animal cognition is a field where gender parity in participation and output is being observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze gender author balance in animal cognition publications.
  • To identify remaining disparities in representation, authorship, and research focus between men and women scientists in animal cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 600 animal cognition papers focusing on gender distribution among authors.
  • Comparison of authorship positions, citation rates, journal impact factors, and research topics based on author gender and team composition.

Main Results:

  • Women held 58% of first authorship positions and received comparable citations and publications in high-impact journals.
  • Women were underrepresented in last authorship positions (37%).
  • All-women author teams were less common and received fewer citations than all-men or mixed-gender teams.
  • Gendered differences in research focus were observed, with women more often studying mammals and men focusing on fish.
  • Men's research teams were more likely to focus on single-sex organisms compared to women's teams.

Conclusions:

  • While women contribute significantly to animal cognition research, some gender biases persist, particularly in senior authorship and citation rates for all-women collaborations.
  • Differences in research focus and team composition suggest subtle gendered patterns within the field.
  • Further efforts are needed to ensure full gender equity in scientific contributions and recognition.