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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.1K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.1K
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

2.1K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.1K
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

1.7K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
1.7K
Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

1.8K
Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak...
1.8K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

1.9K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
1.9K
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

2.6K
Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
2.6K

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Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow
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Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow

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Controlling Spin Interference in Single Radical Molecules.

Yahia Chelli1, Serena Sandhu1, Abdalghani H S Daaoub1

  • 1Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.

Nano Letters
|April 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling quantum interference (QI) in single molecules electronically is now possible. Changing the spin state of organic radicals significantly alters electrical conductance, enabling new molecular switches for energy applications.

Keywords:
electrical conductancemolecular electronicsquantum transportsingle stable radicalspin interference

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum chemistry
  • Molecular electronics
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Quantum interference (QI) significantly impacts single-molecule electronic properties, even at room temperature.
  • Controlling QI electronically is crucial for advancing nanoelectronic applications.
  • Open-shell organic radicals with extensive π-systems are promising candidates for molecular electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a mechanism for electronically controlling quantum interference in single molecules.
  • To investigate the effect of spin state changes on QI and electrical conductance in organic radicals.
  • To explore potential applications in molecular switches for energy storage and conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized stable open-shell organic radicals with large π-systems.
  • Manipulated the spin state of the radical (doublet to singlet) to modulate QI.
  • Measured the electrical conductance changes at room temperature.

Main Results:

  • Successfully controlled quantum interference in single molecules by altering their spin state.
  • Observed a transition from constructive to destructive spin interference in meta-connected radicals.
  • Achieved significant changes in room temperature electrical conductance, spanning several orders of magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • Spin state manipulation offers a viable method for electronic control of QI in single molecules.
  • This control enables the development of novel molecular switches with tunable conductance.
  • The findings open new avenues for molecular spintronic devices in energy storage and conversion.