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COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and variants in Nepal: study protocol for a test-negative case-control study with
Sanjeev M Bijukchhe1,2, Peter J O'Reilly3, Katherine Theiss-Nyland3
1Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK sanjeev.bijukchhe@st-hildas.ox.ac.uk.
BMJ Open
|April 18, 2023
Summary
This study assesses COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Nepal using a test-negative design. Findings will inform public health strategies regarding SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Vaccinology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Nepal's COVID-19 vaccination program utilizes inactivated, viral vector, and mRNA vaccines.
- Limited evidence exists on the real-world effectiveness of these vaccines in the Nepali population.
- Understanding vaccine effectiveness is crucial for managing the ongoing pandemic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in Nepal.
- To identify and analyze the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the region.
- To provide data for informed public health decision-making.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, hospital-based, test-negative case-control study was conducted at Patan Hospital.
- Participants over 18 with COVID-19-like symptoms were enrolled if tested for SARS-CoV-2.
- Vaccine status, demographics, and comorbidities were collected; cases (positive) and controls (negative) were analyzed in a 1:4 ratio.
Main Results:
- Analysis compared vaccination status with SARS-CoV-2 test results to calculate vaccine effectiveness.
- Sequencing of positive samples identified circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- Effectiveness estimates against common variants were determined.
Conclusions:
- This research provides critical data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Nepal.
- Identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants and their impact on vaccine efficacy is essential for public health.
- Findings will guide future prevention strategies and healthcare efforts in Nepal.
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