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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

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The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
489
Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

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Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
The following strategies are adopted to calculate...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules
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Diffusion capacity of single and interconnected networks.

Tiago A Schieber1, Laura C Carpi2,3, Panos M Pardalos4,5

  • 1Departamento de Ciências Administrativas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Nature Communications
|April 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Diffusion Capacity to measure a node's information diffusion potential in networks. Analysis of a global climate network suggests a significant loss in the planet's diffusion capacity around 2000, potentially increasing climate event frequency.

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Area of Science:

  • Complexity Science
  • Network Science
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Diffusive processes in networks are complex, influenced by topology, process, and initial conditions.
  • Understanding node roles in diffusion is crucial for network analysis and optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Diffusion Capacity, a novel metric for quantifying a node's potential to diffuse information.
  • Analyze the impact of network structure and interconnectedness on diffusion processes.
  • Investigate changes in global climate network diffusion capacity over time.

Main Methods:

  • Developed Diffusion Capacity metric considering geodesic and weighted shortest paths.
  • Incorporated dynamical features of the diffusion process into the metric.
  • Introduced Relative Gain to compare node performance in single versus interconnected networks.
  • Applied the method to a global climate network using surface air temperature data.

Main Results:

  • Diffusion Capacity effectively characterizes individual node roles in diffusion.
  • Identified structural modifications that can enhance diffusion mechanisms.
  • Detected a significant decline in global climate network diffusion capacity around the year 2000.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Diffusion Capacity metric offers a comprehensive understanding of diffusion in networks.
  • The observed loss of global diffusion capacity may correlate with increased frequency of climatic events.
  • This framework can inform strategies for improving diffusion in various complex systems.