Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow

Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow

Open channel flow, where a fluid flows with a free surface exposed to the atmosphere, is primarily governed by gravitational and surface effects, distinguishing it from closed conduit or pipe flow. In open channels such as rivers, canals, and artificial channels, energy analysis provides valuable insights into flow behavior and the relationship between depth, velocity, and slope.Specific Energy and Flow DepthIn open channel flow, the specific energy, E, combines the gravitational potential...

Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation

Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation

Applying the conservation of energy principle or the work-energy theorem to an incompressible, inviscid fluid in laminar, steady, irrotational flow leads to Bernoulli's equation. It states that the sum of the fluid pressure, potential, and kinetic energy per unit volume is constant along a streamline.
All the terms in the equation have the dimension of energy per unit volume. The kinetic energy per unit volume is called the kinetic energy density, and the potential energy per unit volume is...

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...

Thermodynamic Systems

Thermodynamic Systems

A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...

Equation of Continuity

Equation of Continuity

Fluid motion is represented by either velocity vectors or streamlines. The volume of a fluid flowing past a given location through an area during a period of time is called the flow rate Q, or more precisely, the volume flow rate. Flow rate and velocity are related—for instance, a river has a greater flow rate if the velocity of the water in it is greater. However, the flow rate also depends on the size and shape of the river. The relationship between flow rate (Q) and average speed (v)...

Enthalpy

Enthalpy

Chemists ordinarily use a property known as enthalpy (H) to describe the thermodynamics of chemical and physical processes. Enthalpy is defined as the sum of a system’s internal energy (E) and the mathematical product of its pressure (P) and volume (V):

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Local Polarization and Isothermal Local Equilibrium in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions.

Physical review letters·2022

Same author

Collective Longitudinal Polarization in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at Very High Energy.

Physical review letters·2018

Same author

Covariant statistical mechanics and the stress-energy tensor.

Physical review letters·2012

Same author

Production of multiply heavy flavored baryons from quark gluon plasma in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

Physical review letters·2005

Same author

Overpopulation of Omega; in pp collisions: a way to distinguish statistical hadronization from string dynamics.

Physical review letters·2002

Same author

Emulsions of perfluorinated solvents for intravascular gas transport.

Federation proceedings·1975

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Exergy of an open continuous medium.

¹Università di Firenze and INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.

Physical Review. E

|April 19, 2023

Summary

This study introduces a new exergy balance formula for open systems, removing the need for an arbitrary reference state. It also defines optimal thermodynamic parameters for Earth's atmosphere as an exergy reference environment.

Area of Science:

Thermodynamics
Physics
Engineering
Ecology
Economics

Background:

Exergy is a crucial thermodynamic concept with broad applications in economics, engineering, and ecology.
Current exergy definitions rely on an arbitrary reference state, limiting their universal applicability.
Exergy has received limited attention within pure physics research.

Purpose of the Study:

To derive a general exergy balance formula for open continuous media independent of external reference states.
To establish suitable thermodynamic parameters for the Earth's atmosphere as a reference environment for exergy calculations.
To address the limitations of existing exergy definitions in physics and related fields.

Main Methods:

More Related Videos

Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces

Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces

Published on: July 26, 2016

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces

Evanescent Field Based Photoacoustics: Optical Property Evaluation at Surfaces

Published on: July 26, 2016

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Derivation of a general exergy balance formula from a fundamental definition of exergy.
Analysis of thermodynamic parameters for the Earth's atmosphere to serve as a reference environment.
Application of the derived formulas to open continuous thermodynamic systems.

Main Results:

A novel exergy balance formula for open continuous media is presented, eliminating the need for an arbitrary external reference state.
Specific thermodynamic parameters are identified as optimal for using Earth's atmosphere as a reference environment in exergy applications.
The study provides a more universally applicable framework for exergy analysis.

Conclusions:

The developed exergy balance equation offers a more robust and general approach to thermodynamic analysis.
Defining Earth's atmosphere parameters enhances the practical application of exergy in environmental and engineering contexts.
This work encourages further exploration of exergy within pure physics.