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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

Twist-bend nematic drops as colloidal particles: Structural features.

K S Krishnamurthy¹, D S Shankar Rao¹, Santosh Y Khatavi¹

¹Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Bangalore 562162, India.

Physical Review. E

|April 19, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Twist-bend nematic (N_{TB}) drops exhibit complex structural transformations, evolving from radial to dipolar and quadrupolar geometries in response to size and electric fields. These changes involve defect dynamics and topological charge considerations.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

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Published on: April 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Liquid crystals
Soft matter physics
Colloidal science

Background:

Twist-bend nematic (N_{TB}) phases exhibit unique structural properties.
Colloidal inclusions in liquid crystal matrices present complex defect structures.
Understanding defect dynamics is crucial for controlling liquid crystal behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the structural evolution of N_{TB} drops in isotropic and nematic environments.
To analyze the role of defects and topological charge in N_{TB} drop morphology.
To explore the influence of external fields and drop size on N_{TB} drop geometry.

Main Methods:

Microscopic observation of N_{TB} drops in isotropic and nematic phases.
Analysis of defect structures including hedgehogs, Saturn rings, and loop disclinations.
Application of electric fields to study reorientation and structural transitions.

Main Results:

N_{TB} drops transition from radial to escaped radial and near-homeotropic structures in isotropic media.
In nematic matrices, drops form stable dipolar and quadrupolar geometries, dependent on size.
A reversible, hysteretic dipole-quadrupole transition mediated by disclinations was observed.
Metastable states and potential topological charge non-conservation were identified.

Conclusions:

N_{TB} drops exhibit rich structural polymorphism driven by elastic distortions and defect interactions.
The observed transformations highlight the interplay between geometry, topology, and external stimuli.
This study provides insights into defect formation and stability in confined liquid crystal systems.