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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas
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Implications of nonzero photon mass on plasma equilibria.

Chinmoy Bhattacharjee1

  • 1Department of Physics, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York 11568, USA.

Physical Review. E
|April 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored the Beltrami state in ideal plasma with massive electromagnetism. This led to a triple curl magnetic potential, offering new insights into plasma physics and potential astrophysical observations.

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • The Beltrami state is a fundamental concept in ideal plasma dynamics.
  • Previous studies have not fully incorporated the implications of massive electromagnetism on plasma states.
  • Understanding plasma behavior under massive photon fields is crucial for advanced physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Beltrami state in a single-species ideal plasma within the framework of massive electromagnetism.
  • To explore the consequences of a massive photon field on plasma vortical dynamics.
  • To derive and analyze the resulting magnetic vector potential state.

Main Methods:

  • Inclusion of a massive photon field, treated as a mobile fluid, into ideal plasma dynamics.

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  • Construction of a variational principle for energy minimization with helicity invariants.
  • Analytical solution in cylindrical geometry.

    • Main Results:

    • A triple curl Beltrami state of the magnetic vector potential (A) was identified.
    • This state is obtainable through constrained energy minimization.
    • The state exhibits three distinct length scales: system length, species' skin depth, and photon Compton wavelength.

    Conclusions:

    • The study presents an analytical solution for the triple curl Beltrami state in cylindrical geometry.
    • This state is a linear combination of three single Beltrami states.
    • Potential observational signatures in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas are discussed, opening avenues for experimental verification.