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Roman Ochsenreiter1, Michael T Wolfinger1,2,3

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich.

Biospektrum : Zeitschrift Der Gesellschaft Fur Biologishe Chemie (GBCH) Und Der Vereinigung Fur Allgemeine Und Angewandte Mikrobiologie (VAAM)
|April 19, 2023
PubMed
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Evolutionarily conserved RNAs called exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs (xrRNAs) in viruses disrupt host cell machinery. Understanding these viral RNA structures could advance synthetic biology and mRNA vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • RNA Structure

Context:

  • Untranslated regions of viral genomes contain evolutionarily conserved RNA elements.
  • Exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs (xrRNAs) are structurally conserved elements with significant biological roles.
  • xrRNAs actively interfere with host messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation pathways, contributing to viral pathogenicity.

Purpose:

  • To review the fundamental principles governing RNA structure conservation in viral systems.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which xrRNAs dysregulate host cellular machinery.
  • To discuss the potential utility of xrRNAs in emerging fields.

Summary:

  • This review focuses on exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs (xrRNAs), a class of evolutionarily conserved RNA structures found in viral untranslated regions.

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  • xrRNAs are highlighted for their ability to resist degradation and actively manipulate host messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation processes, thereby influencing viral pathogenicity.
  • The review covers the structural conservation principles of these RNAs in viruses.

    • Impact:

    • Potential applications of xrRNAs in synthetic biology are explored.
    • The findings suggest future directions for the development of novel mRNA vaccines.
    • Understanding xrRNA function provides insights into viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.