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Transcriptome analyses of murine right and left maxilla-mandibular complex.

Jacqueline Crawford1, Melissa Morawski1, Steve Eliason2

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|April 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed gene expression differences between the right and left sides of developing mouse jaw structures. Findings reveal specific gene expression patterns linked to craniofacial development and potential causes of facial asymmetry.

Keywords:
craniofacialsequencingtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Craniofacial Research

Background:

  • The development of the maxilla-mandibular (MxMn) complex involves intricate genetic programming.
  • Asymmetry in craniofacial structures can arise from subtle developmental variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differential gene expression between the right and left MxMn complexes in murine embryos.
  • To identify genes associated with craniofacial development and asymmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Harvesting and hemi-sectioning of embryonic day 14.5 and 18.5 murine embryos.
  • RNA isolation, RT-PCR for housekeeping genes, and whole mRNA sequencing.
  • Differential transcript analysis using established statistical thresholds and prioritization via genomic databases.

Main Results:

  • Identified 19 upregulated and 19 downregulated transcripts at E14.5, and 8 upregulated and 17 downregulated transcripts at E18.5.
  • Differentially expressed transcripts are statistically significant and linked to craniofacial phenotypes.
  • Enrichment of these transcripts in critical embryogenesis pathways with significant gnomAD constraint scores.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differential gene expression exists between the right and left MxMn complexes during murine embryonic development.
  • These findings may offer a biological basis for human facial asymmetry.
  • Further validation in murine models of craniofacial asymmetry is warranted.