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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment
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Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment

Published on: December 27, 2024

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Normal saline: Past, present, and future.

Xinwen Liu1, Mengkai Lu1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China.

Science Progress
|April 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Normal saline (NS), a common medical fluid, has an unclear origin and debated safety. This review explores its history and current impact, examining its future role in medicine.

Keywords:
0.9% sodium chloride solutionNormal salinebalanced crystalloid solutionshistorylactated Ringer's solution

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Infusion Therapy
  • Physiological Solutions
  • Clinical Practice

Background:

  • Normal saline (NS) is a ubiquitous intravenous fluid in healthcare.
  • The historical origins and comprehensive understanding of NS remain incompletely defined.
  • Debates persist regarding the appropriateness, potential harm, and future viability of NS use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the historical origins of normal saline.
  • To provide an overview of the current status of NS infusion.
  • To analyze the impact of NS on the human body and its future implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical medical texts.
  • Analysis of current clinical guidelines and infusion practices.
  • Synthesis of research on the physiological effects of normal saline.

Main Results:

  • The historical development of NS is traced, highlighting key milestones.
  • Current trends and applications of NS in medical settings are summarized.
  • Existing research on the effects of NS on human physiology is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the origin and impact of NS is crucial for informed medical practice.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the long-term effects and optimal use of NS.
  • The future role of NS in medicine warrants continued investigation and evaluation.