Designing a Multilevel Strategy to Enhance Secondary Prevention of Heart Disease

Background Coronary artery calcification (CAC), the presence and severity of which strongly predict underlying coronary artery disease (CAD), can be seen on dedicated cardiac imaging studies or incidentally on noncardiac ones; however, the latter findings are commonly managed by primary care clinicians without clear accompanying recommendations and may represent an underrecognized opportunity to optimize secondary prevention of CAD. Methods Standardized practice guidelines and a multilevel implementation strategy for improving secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease through incidentally identified CAC were developed by an interdisciplinary committee. Evidence-based implementation strategies were selected¹ and included integrating practice guidelines into radiology reports within the electronic medical records. Outpatient noncardiac computerized tomography scans performed before and after this initiative were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate changes in statin prescribing. Results Authors demonstrated an increase in the percentage of patients with mild CAC prescribed a statin and an increase in the percentage of patients with severe CAC prescribed a high-intensity statin after implementation of standardized practice guidelines and evidence-based implementation strategies. Conclusion Incidental CAC identification is common, particularly in those without known CAD. A multilevel implementation strategy and use of standardized practice guidelines appeared to improve provider prescribing behavior in the primary care setting and may provide an opportunity to enhance secondary CAC prevention.