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Dengue and zika seropositivity, burden, endemicity, and cocirculation antibodies in Nigeria

Peter Asaga Mac1, Markos Tadele2, Philomena E Airiohuodion3

  • 1Institute of Virologie, Universitatsklinikum, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Annals of Medicine
|April 19, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

High seroprevalence of Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) was found in Nigeria, indicating significant cocirculation. This study reveals a substantial, previously underestimated burden of these mosquito-borne flaviviruses in the region.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Mosquito-borne infections, including Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), pose a global health risk due to rapid spread and coinfection potential.
  • Nigeria and neighboring countries are endemic for DENV and ZIKV, transmitted by *Aedes aegypti* and *Aedes albopictus*.
  • The seroprevalence, burden, and cocirculation of DENV and ZIKV in Nigeria remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the seroprevalence, burden, and cocirculation of DENV and ZIKV in Nigeria.
  • To assess the extent of flavivirus endemicity and regional spread within the country.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 871 participants from three Nigerian regions.
  • Serum samples were analyzed using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and immunoblot assay (recomLine Tropical Fever).
  • Detection of IgG antibodies against DENV and ZIKV using Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and Equad antigens.

Main Results:

  • Overall IgG antibody seropositivity was 44.7% for DENV-flavivirus and 19.2% for ZIKV-flavivirus.
  • DENV-ZIKV flavivirus cocirculation antibody seropositivity was observed in 6.2% of participants.
  • Similar clinical signs and symptoms of flavivirus infections were noted across the study regions.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a high and previously underestimated seroprevalence, burden, and regional spread of DENV and ZIKV, including cocirculation, in Nigeria.
  • Epidemiological synergy between DENV and ZIKV, driven by shared vectors and hosts, contributes to their cocirculation.
  • Lack of reliable data hinders understanding and management of these arboviral coinfections, highlighting a significant public health concern.
Keywords:
EndemicityNigeriaburdenchikungunyadengueseroprevalence

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