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Cognitive impairments in Polish children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection

Anna Zielińska-Wieniawska1, Maksymilian Bielecki2, Tomasz Wolańczyk1

  • 1Klinika Psychiatrii Wieku Rozwojowego, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny.

Psychiatria Polska
|April 19, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with vertically transmitted HIV infection show impaired executive functioning, including attention and memory deficits. These cognitive impairments are linked to the severity and duration of HIV neuroinfection before treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Vertically transmitted HIV infection can impact neurodevelopment.
  • Cognitive function in children with HIV requires thorough assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cognitive impairments in children and adolescents with vertically transmitted HIV.
  • To explore associations between cognitive deficits and clinical/socio-demographic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Compared cognitive performance of 50 HIV-infected children (PHIV+) with 24 HIV-exposed uninfected (PHEU) and 43 healthy controls (HIV-nA).
  • Utilized the CANTAB Research Suite for cognitive assessments.
  • Analyzed data considering age groups and viral load at treatment initiation.

Main Results:

  • PHIV+ group demonstrated poorer performance in movement execution, attention shifting/flexibility, reversal learning, and working memory compared to HIV-nA.
  • PHIV+ group showed increased planning time in memory tasks versus PHEU group.
  • Adolescents (12-18 years) with HIV exhibited widespread cognitive deterioration.
  • Higher baseline viral load correlated with worse outcomes in feedback use, attention, flexibility, and information processing.

Conclusions:

  • Children with vertically transmitted HIV exhibit significant executive functioning deficits.
  • Cognitive impairments are associated with prolonged HIV neuroinfection and infection severity prior to treatment.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIV infectionchildren and adolescentscognitive impairment

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