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Immune system modulation by low-dose ionizing radiation-induced adaptive response.

Soha M Hussien1, Engy R Rashed2

  • 1Department of Radiation Safety, Nuclear and Radiological Safety Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.

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|April 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-dose ionizing radiation primes the immune system, offering protection against higher doses by suppressing T-cell receptor gene expression and altering cytokine levels. This adaptive response may minimize radiotherapy side effects.

Keywords:
adaptive responsegamma radiationhormesisimmuno-modulatoryradiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Radiobiology
  • Immunology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Hormesis, or low-dose ionizing radiation, induces adaptive responses offering protection against higher doses.
  • The cell-mediated immunological component of this adaptive response remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cell-mediated immunity in low-dose ionizing radiation-induced adaptive response.
  • To assess the impact of priming low radiation doses on immune markers and radio-protection.

Main Methods:

  • Male albino rats were exposed to low-dose gamma radiation (0.25 or 0.5 Gy) followed by a higher dose (5 Gy).
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) gene expression and serum levels of IL-2, IL-10, TGF-β, and 8-OHdG were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Priming low doses significantly decreased TCR gene expression, IL-2, TGF-β, and 8-OHdG levels.
  • An increase in IL-10 expression was observed in the low-dose primed group compared to the high-dose only group.

Conclusions:

  • Low-dose ionizing radiation induces a radio-adaptive response that protects against high-dose injury via immune suppression.
  • This finding suggests a potential pre-clinical protocol to mitigate radiotherapy side effects on normal tissues.