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Updated: Aug 2, 2025
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Birth weight and bone mineral density at 18-19 years: birth cohort 1997-1998
Allanne Pereira Araújo1, Janaina Maiana Abreu Barbosa1, Carolina Abreu de Carvalho2
1Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. São Luís, MA, Brasil.
Objective:
To analyze the association between birth weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescence.
Methods:
A birth cohort study in São Luís, Maranhão, using data from two moments: at birth and at 18-19 years. Exposure was the birth weight in grams, continuously analyzed. The outcome was BMD, using the Z-score index (whole body) measured by double X-ray densitometry (Dexa). A theoretical model was constructed in acyclic graphs to identify the minimum set of adjustment variables - household income, the mother knowing how to read and write at the time of birth, prenatal care, tobacco use during pregnancy, and parity - to evaluate the association between birth weight and bone mineral density in adolescence. Multiple linear regression was used in Stata 14.0 software. A 5% significance level was adopted.
Results:
From 2,112 adolescents, 8.2% had low birth weight and 2.8% had a low BMD for their age. The mean full-body Z-score was 0.19 (± 1.00). The highest birth weight was directly and linearly associated with BMD values in adolescence (Coef.: 0.10; 95%CI: 0.02-0.18), even after adjustment for the variables household income (Coef.: -0.33; 95%CI: -0.66-0.33) and the mother knowing how to read and write (Coef.: 0.23%; 95%CI: 0.03-0.43).
Conclusion:
Although after adjusting the variables the association attenuated, birth weight positively and linearly relates to BMD in adolescence.
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