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Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19: progress and lessons learned
Guangdi Li1, Rolf Hilgenfeld2, Richard Whitley3
1Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University; Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China. liguangdi.research@gmail.com.
Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
|April 19, 2023
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic spurred rapid development of antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. Lessons learned from COVID-19 inform future strategies for infectious disease therapeutics.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Drug Discovery
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated urgent development of therapeutic strategies targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host proteins.
- Numerous clinical trials have investigated hundreds of potential drugs for viral infection control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize progress in COVID-19 drug discovery and identify key lessons learned.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of anti-coronavirus agents and future therapeutic development.
Main Methods:
- Review of accumulated findings from the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Compilation of clinical and preclinical inhibitors with anti-coronavirus activities.
- Analysis of drug repurposing, pan-coronavirus targets, assays, models, and platform trials.
Main Results:
- Several small-molecule antivirals (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, remdesivir, molnupiravir) and monoclonal antibodies are approved for COVID-19 treatment.
- Immunomodulatory drugs (dexamethasone, tocilizumab, baricitinib) benefit hospitalized patients with severe/critical COVID-19.
- Therapeutics generally require administration within 10 days of symptom onset.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in COVID-19 therapeutics, with several agents available.
- Lessons from COVID-19 are crucial for developing future treatments against emerging infectious diseases and coronaviruses.
- Future strategies should focus on drug repurposing, broad-spectrum targets, and robust trial designs.
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