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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Generation of iPSC-derived Human Brain Organoids to Model Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Identifying altered developmental pathways in human globoid cell leukodystrophy iPSCs-derived NSCs using

Yafeng Lv1, Yu Qin2, Jing Wang1

  • 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China.

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|April 19, 2023
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Summary

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a neurodegenerative disease. This study used patient-derived stem cells to reveal molecular changes and signaling pathways involved in GLD pathogenesis.

Keywords:
GalactocerebrosidaseGloboid cell leukodystrophyInduced pluripotent stem cellNeural stem cellNeurodegenerative

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by demyelination due to galactocerebrosidase defects.
  • Molecular mechanisms of GLD in human neural cells remain poorly understood.
  • Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a valuable model for studying GLD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate gene-expression changes in GLD patient-derived iPSCs and neural stem cells (NSCs).
  • Identify molecular pathways contributing to GLD pathogenesis.
  • Validate the utility of iPSC-based models for GLD research.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of gene expression profiles between GLD patient (K-iPSCs/NSCs) and control (AF-iPSCs/NSCs) using RNA-sequencing.
  • Identification of significantly dysregulated messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
  • Validation of differentially expressed genes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Main Results:

  • Identified 194 dysregulated mRNAs in K-iPSCs vs. AF-iPSCs and 702 in K-NSCs vs. AF-NSCs.
  • Enriched Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to GLD.
  • Validated 25 differentially expressed genes and identified pathways in neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, synaptic signaling, and cell signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Mutations in the galactosylceramidase gene disrupt identified signaling pathways during neural development, contributing to GLD.
  • The iPSC-based model (K-iPSCs) serves as a novel tool for studying the molecular basis of GLD.