A Positive Microbubble Study in Ventricular Septal Defect Patient Without Pulmonary Hypertension
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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

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Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
Published on: November 4, 2015
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Suqin Jin1, Siyu Zhao1, Xiaoyu Wan2
1Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
JACC. Case Reports
|April 20, 2023
Abstract:
A stroke patient with supracristal ventricular septal defect accompanying suspected patent foramen ovale underwent transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography with agitated saline microbubble study, a positive trans-ventricular microbubble jet after Valsalva maneuver provocation was detected, indicating instantaneous transient paradoxical right-to-left shunt at late diastole might be the etiology of embolic events. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

