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A predicted developmental and evolutionary morphospace for grapevine leaves.

Daniel H Chitwood^1,2, Joey Mullins¹

¹Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA.

Quantitative Plant Biology

|April 20, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study models grapevine leaf shape using vein-to-blade area ratios, revealing that leaf morphology fully occupies its available morphospace. A continuous model is proposed over discrete classifications for understanding leaf shape evolution.

Keywords:

development evolution grapevine leaf shape morphometrics

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Area of Science:

Plant morphology
Evolutionary biology
Developmental biology

Background:

Conventional statistical methods classify shapes but overlook theoretical or unmeasured forms.
Morphospaces contain information to visualize theoretical leaves and understand shaping forces.
Negative morphospace implications for leaf morphology remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To model grapevine leaf shape using an allometric indicator.
To explore the constraints and predictive power of morphospace for leaf shapes.
To propose a continuous model for leaf shape evolution in the genus Vitis.

Main Methods:

Leaf shape modeling using the ratio of vein to blade areas as an allometric indicator.
Analysis of observable morphospace borders defined by developmental and evolutionary constraints.
Prediction of possible and existing grapevine leaf shapes within the morphospace.

Main Results:

Grapevine leaves (genus Vitis) were found to fully occupy their available morphospace.
The study identified an orthogonal grid of developmental and evolutionary effects.
Predicted leaf shapes, both possible and existing, were identified within the morphospace.

Conclusions:

Leaf shape in Vitis fully utilizes the available morphospace.
A continuous model is more appropriate for explaining leaf shape than discrete classifications.
Morphospace analysis provides insights into developmental and evolutionary shaping forces.