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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions

Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions

Published on: April 5, 2022

AC-electric-field-controlled multi-component droplet coalescence at microscale.

Weidong Fang¹, Zhi Tao¹, Haiwang Li¹

¹National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. huangyi_buaa@buaa.edu.cn.

|April 20, 2023

Summary

Researchers controlled multi-component droplet coalescence using AC electric fields for precise microscale manipulation. This method offers fast response and high controllability, enabling applications in chemical and material synthesis.

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Area of Science:

Microfluidics and Interfacial Science
Applied Electromagnetics
Materials Synthesis

Background:

Controlling multi-component droplet coalescence is vital for industrial production and bioengineering.
Existing methods face challenges in precise control due to complex fluid and interfacial properties.
Alternating Current (AC) electric fields offer a flexible and fast response for droplet manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate AC electric field-controlled coalescence of multi-component droplets at the microscale.
To explore the influence of various parameters on droplet merging dynamics.
To demonstrate a precise method for fabricating Janus droplets.

Main Methods:

Designed an improved flow-focusing microchannel with asymmetric, non-contact electrodes.
Systematically investigated parameters including flow rates, component ratios, surface tension, electric permittivity, and conductivity.
Applied AC electric fields to control droplet coalescence.

Main Results:

Droplet coalescence achieved in milliseconds by adjusting electrical conditions (voltage and frequency).
Observed distinct merging phenomena: contact coalescence and squeezing coalescence.
Demonstrated significant influence of fluid properties (permittivity, conductivity, surface tension) on merging behavior and voltage requirements.

Conclusions:

The AC electric field method provides high controllability over multi-component droplet coalescence.
The study offers insights into the physics of electro-coalescence.
The developed technique is applicable for precise fabrication of Janus droplets and in chemical, bioassay, and material synthesis.