Micro-Cup Architecture for Printing and Coating Asymmetric 2d-Material-Based Solid-State Supercapacitors

High energy density micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are in high demand for miniaturized electronics and microsystems. Research efforts today focus on materials development, applied in the planar interdigitated, symmetric electrode architecture. A novel "cup & core" device architecture that allows for printing of asymmetric devices without the need of accurately positioning the second finger electrode here have been introduced. The bottom electrode is either produced by laser ablation of a blade-coated graphene layer or directly screen-printed with graphene inks to create grids with high aspect ratio walls forming an array of "micro-cups". A quasi-solid-state ionic liquid electrolyte is spray-deposited on the walls; the top electrode material -MXene inks- is then spray-coated to fill the cup structure. The architecture combines the advantages of interdigitated electrodes for facilitated ion-diffusion, which is critical for 2D-material-based energy storage systems by providing vertical interfaces with the layer-by-layer processing of the sandwich geometry. Compared to flat reference devices, volumetric capacitance of printed "micro-cups" MSC increased considerably, while the time constant decreased (by 58%). Importantly, the high energy density (3.99 µWh cm^-2 ) of the "micro-cups" MSC is also superior to other reported MXene and graphene-based MSCs.