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Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Infection

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

Human monkeypox infection threat: A comprehensive overview.

Yue Kang¹, Yue Yu², Silu Xu³

¹College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases

|April 20, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The monkeypox (MPX) outbreak requires urgent development of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is key for diagnosis, while identifying MPX pathways offers future treatment targets.

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Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Published on: April 13, 2009

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

The global community faces a significant monkeypox (MPX) outbreak, necessitating urgent control measures.
Rising MPX cases worldwide underscore the critical need for effective pandemic management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To compile fundamental knowledge for preventing and controlling future monkeypox (MPX) outbreaks.
To review current understanding of MPX biology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.
Epidemic data were sourced from WHO, CDC, and Africa CDC, with 1,436 articles assessed.
Focus was on high-quality research concerning MPX tropism, replication, biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Main Results:

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the preferred method for definitive MPX diagnosis.
Treatment is primarily supportive, with antivirals like tecovirimat available for severe cases.
Vaccination and isolation of infected individuals are crucial for controlling MPX spread.

Conclusions:

Urgent development of MPX vaccines, antiviral drugs, and rapid diagnostic methods is essential.
Establishing robust monitoring and detection systems is vital to curb global MPX transmission.