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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Single-Cell Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging to Visualize Viral Nucleic Acids and Proteins and Monitor HIV, HTLV, HBV, HCV, Zika Virus, and Influenza Infection

Single-Cell Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging to Visualize Viral Nucleic Acids and Proteins and Monitor HIV, HTLV, HBV, HCV, Zika Virus, and Influenza Infection

Published on: October 29, 2020

Label-free microscopy for virus infections.

Anthony Petkidis¹, Vardan Andriasyan¹, Urs F Greber¹

¹Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.

Microscopy (Oxford, England)

|April 20, 2023

Summary

Label-free microscopy offers new ways to study viruses without molecular labels. This technique reveals virus structure and mechanics at multiple scales, advancing virology research.

Keywords:

atomic force microscopy (AFM)cryo-EM/cryo-ET digital holographic microscopy label-free microscopy light microscopy virology

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Area of Science:

Microscopy
Virology
Biophysics

Background:

Microscopy is crucial for understanding biological processes at micro- and nano-scales.
Label-dependent microscopy (e.g., fluorescence) offers specificity but struggles with live sample multiplexing.
Label-free microscopy provides insights with minimal sample perturbation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review label-free microscopy modalities for studying viruses.
To highlight applications in probing viral structural organization and mechanical properties.
To discuss how these techniques advance virology.

Main Methods:

Discussion of label-free imaging techniques: transmitted light microscopy, quantitative phase imaging, cryogenic electron microscopy/tomography, and atomic force microscopy.
Focus on applications at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels.
Exploration of working principles and analytical approaches.

Main Results:

Label-free microscopy effectively probes structural organization and mechanical properties of virus particles and infected cells.
Techniques are applicable across a wide range of spatial scales.
Orthogonal approaches can enhance label-free microscopy capabilities.

Conclusions:

Label-free microscopy opens new avenues for virological research by providing detailed structural and mechanical information.
These methods offer a powerful, minimally perturbing approach to studying viruses.
Complementary techniques further enhance the utility of label-free imaging in virology.