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A Method for High Fidelity Optogenetic Control of Individual Pyramidal Neurons In vivo
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Fiber-based optrode with microstructured fiber tips for controlled light delivery in optogenetics.

Jelena Petrovic1,2, Fred Lange1, Dennis Hohlfeld1

  • 1Institute for Electronic Appliances and Circuits, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|April 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Tapered optical fibers with cone tips reduce tissue damage and improve light delivery control for optogenetics. This study presents a novel fabrication method and demonstrates how cone angle influences illumination, offering neuroscientists better tools for neural stimulation.

Keywords:
beam profile analysisimpedance analysisoptogeneticsoptrodeoptrode assemblytapered optical fibers

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optics

Background:

  • Optogenetic modulation of neuronal activity demands precise light delivery to deep brain regions.
  • Current flat cleaved optical fibers in optogenetic devices cause significant tissue damage and limit illumination control.
  • Tapered fibers offer improved tissue compatibility and spatial illumination control for neural photostimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a novel, reproducible fabrication method for tapered fiber tips using grinding.
  • To characterize the optical properties and electrode performance of a novel fiber-based optrode.
  • To investigate the impact of different cone angles on illumination profiles and optical throughput.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of tapered fiber tips with various cone angles (14°, 30°, 60°, 90°) using a custom grinding setup.
  • Characterization of recording electrodes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
  • Measurement of transmitted optical power and illumination profiles using an integrating sphere and Rhodamine 6G solution.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of fiber-based optrodes with cone tips and deposited electrodes, exhibiting good optical quality.
  • Transmitted optical power decreases exponentially with reduced cone angle compared to flat cleaved fibers.
  • Cone angle significantly affects the shape and size of the illumination volume, with EIS data showing electrode size impacts recording capability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cone-tipped optrode offers reduced invasiveness and controlled light delivery for optogenetic experiments compared to flat cleaved fibers.
  • Reproducible fabrication of variable cone angles allows precise control over light delivery, catering to specific stimulation requirements.
  • This technology provides neuroscientists with adaptable, tissue-compatible tools for targeted neural photostimulation.