Principles of Tendon Structure, Healing, and the Microenvironment
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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Tendon Research by Developing Mouse Assembloids to Understand Cellular Mechanisms
Published on: March 22, 2024
Rowena McBeath1, Kevin C Chung2
1Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Tendon is a strong viscoelastic tissue, responsible for conducting force from muscle to bone. In the hand, flexor tendons course through fibro-osseous sheaths, composed of an intricate tenosynovium and fibrocartilaginous pulley system. After flexor tendon laceration, changes occur in tendon force transduction as well as vascularity, affecting tendon healing on a tissue and cellular level. Tendon healing occurs through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, which in combination with local anatomy, can predispose to adhesion formation. Understanding the relationship between microenvironmental cues and tendon healing on the cellular and tissue level will improve our knowledge and treatment of flexor tendon injuries.
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