Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 2, 2025
In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
Published on: January 20, 2019
Nodal reactive proliferation of monocytoid B-cells may represent atypical memory B-cells
Shan-Chi Yu1, Ko-Chen Chen2, Ruby Yun-Ju Huang3
1Graduate Institute of Pathology and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background:
Reactive lymphadenopathies such as toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus lymphadenitis are associated with monocytoid cell proliferation. Monocytoid cells are B-lymphocytes with an undetermined subset.
Methods:
Using digital spatial profiling whole transcriptome analyses, this study compared monocytoid and control B-cells. The B-cell subset of monocytoid cells was assigned according to gene expression profiles.
Results:
This study identified 466 differentially expressed genes between monocytoid and control B-cells. The cellular deconvolution algorithm identified monocytoid cells as memory B-cells instead of as naïve B-cells. A comparison of the upregulated genes revealed that atypical memory B-cells had the largest number of genes overlapping with monocytoid cells compared with other memory B-cell subsets. Atypical memory B-cell markers, namely TBX21 (T-bet), FCRL4 (IRTA1), and ITGAX (CD11c), were all upregulated in monocytoid cells. Similar to atypical memory B-cells, monocytoid cells exhibited (1) upregulated transcription factors (TBX21, TOX), (2) upregulated genes associated with B-cell inhibition (FCRL5, FCRL4) and downregulated genes associated with B-cell activation (PIK3CG, NFKB1A, CD40), (3) downregulated cell cycle-related genes (CDK6, MYC), and (4) downregulated cytokine receptors (IL4R). This study also analyzed the expression of monocytoid cell signature genes in various memory B-cell subsets. Atypical memory B-cells exhibited a gene expression pattern similar to that of monocytoid cells, but other memory B-cell subsets did not. Furthermore, monocytoid cells and marginal zone lymphomas differed in gene expression profiles.
Conclusion:
Spatial transcriptomic analyses indicated that monocytoid cells may be atypical memory B-cells.
More Related Videos
08:44Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis
Published on: September 7, 2022
08:26The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
Published on: December 14, 2016
Related Concept Videos
01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
01:24B Cell Activation and Differentiation
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
01:22T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
01:20Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
01:16Primary Lymphoid Organs
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
01:18Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...