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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Infrasound detection of approaching lahars.

J B Johnson1, A Roca2, A Pineda3

  • 1Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, USA. jeffreybjohnson@boisestate.edu.

Scientific Reports
|April 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infrasound monitoring can detect hazardous volcanic mudflows (lahars) minutes before they arrive. This technology offers valuable early warnings for communities near volcanoes like Fuego.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Volcanology
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Volcanic mudflows, known as lahars, pose significant hazards.
  • Early detection of lahars is crucial for timely evacuation and mitigation efforts.
  • Infrasound, low-frequency sound waves, has potential for remote sensing of natural hazards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of infrasound monitoring for detecting and tracking lahars.
  • To quantify the capabilities of infrasound sensors compared to seismic and visual monitoring methods.
  • To assess the potential for infrasound to provide early warnings for lahar events.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of infrasound signals from over 20 lahars at Fuego Volcano (May-October 2022).
  • Comparison of infrasound data with seismic records, time-lapse camera imagery, and high-resolution video.
  • Deployment of infrasound sensors in small-aperture arrays adjacent to and distant from lahar paths.

Main Results:

  • Infrasound sensors detected lahars, including small events, at distances up to 5 km.
  • Sensors deployed near lahar paths provided remote detection capabilities.
  • Detections could offer up to 30 minutes of advance warning at downstream sites.
  • Arrays located further away effectively tracked lahar progression.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous infrasound monitoring is a valuable tool for lahar hazard identification.
  • Infrasound monitoring can complement existing seismic monitoring systems.
  • Infrasound offers a sensitive method for early detection and tracking of volcanic mudflows.