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COVID-19: A gender-biased pandemic
Ridhima Singh1, Pulin Saluja1, Ajay Madan2
1Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP
|April 21, 2023
Summary
Men are more likely to die from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) than women. This study explores the complex reasons behind this male-biased pandemic mortality, considering various contributing factors.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) became a global pandemic in March 2020.
- Initial focus was on elderly and comorbid individuals, but male sex emerged as a risk factor.
- Studies show similar infection rates but higher mortality and case-fatality ratios in men.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enumerate potential reasons for the observed sex-biased mortality in Covid-19.
- To explore the multifactorial nature of gender differences in pandemic outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of global data and studies on Covid-19 cases and outcomes by sex.
- Analysis of epidemiological trends from China, USA, and European countries.
- Synthesis of existing knowledge on biological and social factors influencing Covid-19 severity.
Main Results:
- No significant sex difference in Covid-19 positive cases.
- Significantly higher mortality and case-fatality rates observed in men compared to women.
- Men are more prone to severe disease progression and death from Covid-19.
Conclusions:
- The higher Covid-19 mortality in men is not attributable to a single factor.
- A combination of genetic, social, and behavioral factors likely contributes to sex-biased pandemic outcomes.
- Further research is needed to fully understand and address gender disparities in infectious disease pandemics.
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