Peripheral adenomatoid odontogenic tumour.

Area of Science:

• Oral Pathology
• Odontogenic Tumors
• Surgical Oncology

Background:

• Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour (AOT) is a rare odontogenic neoplasm, with peripheral variants accounting for less than 4.4% of cases.
• AOTs typically occur centrally within the jawbone, with peripheral forms presenting as gingival masses.
• The term AOT was established in 1969, though the entity has been recognized for over a century under various names.

Observation:

• A rare peripheral AOT variant was observed in a 35-year-old female as a 1.5-2 cm labial gingival mass.
• The lesion in the right canine-premolar area caused significant alveolar bone loss affecting teeth 13 and 14, leading to mobility of tooth 13.
• Clinically, the lesion exhibited moderately aggressive behavior.

Findings:

• Histopathological examination revealed a well-encapsulated tumor with metaplastic bone formation within its capsule.
• Microscopic features included a conventional AOT pattern with ductal and rosette formations, tumor droplets, and amyloid-like material.
• The tumor demonstrated features consistent with a peripheral odontogenic neoplasm.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering peripheral AOT variants in the differential diagnosis of gingival masses, even with significant bone involvement.
• Accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and understanding the behavior of these rare tumors.
• Further research into the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of peripheral AOT variants may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.