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Tissue analysis by dual-energy computed tomography.

D J Hawkes, D F Jackson, R P Parker

    The British Journal of Radiology
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study introduces a new dual-energy computed tomography (CT) method for accurate tissue analysis, overcoming limitations of previous X-ray attenuation coefficient calculations. The technique precisely quantifies tissue composition, including fat and bone mineral content, and can detect iodine concentrations.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Radiology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Accurate tissue characterization is crucial in medical diagnostics.
    • Previous methods for calculating X-ray attenuation coefficients in dual-energy CT (DECT) have limitations.
    • A need exists for a more reliable DECT-based tissue analysis technique.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a straightforward and accurate method for tissue analysis using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT).
    • To overcome inaccuracies associated with previous X-ray attenuation coefficient formulations.
    • To enable precise quantification of tissue components like fat, bone mineral, and iodine.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a DECT analysis method representing tissue and bone attenuation coefficients as a mixture of two reference materials (water and calcium chloride).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Calibrated the CT scanner for precise measurements.
  • Utilized dual-energy scans at 140 kVp and 87 kVp on an EMI CT5005 scanner.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved an error of +/- 0.004 kg/kg for calcium chloride coefficients with +/- 2 HU error on DECT scans.
    • Demonstrated detection of fat concentrations >25% by weight with averaging over 200 pixels.
    • Measured bone mineral content with a precision of 0.01 (kg/kg * specific gravity) for 24-pixel regions.
    • Showed potential for deducing iodine concentrations by selecting water and iodine as reference materials.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented DECT method offers a straightforward and accurate approach to tissue analysis.
    • This technique provides precise quantification of tissue composition, including fat and bone mineral.
    • The method is adaptable for detecting other elements like iodine, with potential clinical applications in head and abdominal imaging.