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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery
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Epigenetic Modifiers as Game Changers for Healthy Aging.

Shikha Sharma1, Ramesh Bhonde2

  • 1Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.

Rejuvenation Research
|April 21, 2023
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Aging involves epigenetic changes affecting gene expression, lifespan, and disease. This review explores reversing these changes through diet, nutrition, and therapies to promote healthy aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Epigenetics: Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying aging and age-related diseases.

Background:

  • Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, are hallmarks of aging, impacting gene expression and organismal lifespan.
  • Diet and environmental factors significantly influence epigenetic marks, affecting aging trajectories and disease susceptibility.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current research on epigenetics in aging and age-related diseases.
  • It discusses the role of epigenetic clocks in disease prediction and monitoring.
  • The potential for reversing epigenetic alterations using nutrition, mesenchymal stem cell secretome, and novel epigenetic modifiers is explored.

Key Points:

  • Epigenetic changes are central to aging, influencing lifespan, genetic stability, and disease development.
  • Epigenetic clocks offer insights into biological aging and disease risk, including cancer.
  • The reversibility of epigenetic alterations presents therapeutic opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and manipulating epigenetic processes hold promise for counteracting age-related decline and diseases.
  • Further research into accelerating epigenetic reversal via nutrition and stem cell therapies is warranted.
  • Identifying new epigenetic modifiers is crucial for developing interventions against aging-associated epigenetic alterations.