Genome-Wide Libraries for Protozoan Pathogen Drug Target Screening Using Yeast Surface Display

The lack of genetic tools to manipulate protozoan pathogens has limited the use of genome-wide approaches to identify drug or vaccine targets and understand these organisms' biology. We have developed an efficient method to construct genome-wide libraries for yeast surface display (YSD) and developed a YSD fitness screen (YSD-FS) to identify drug targets. We show the efficacy of our method by generating genome-wide libraries for Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Giardia lamblia parasites. Each library has a diversity of ∼10⁵ to 10⁶ clones, representing ∼6- to 30-fold of the parasite's genome. Nanopore sequencing confirmed the libraries' genome coverage with multiple clones for each parasite gene. Western blot and imaging analysis confirmed surface expression of the G. lamblia library proteins in yeast. Using the YSD-FS assay, we identified bonafide interactors of metronidazole, a drug used to treat protozoan and bacterial infections. We also found enrichment in nucleotide-binding domain sequences associated with yeast increased fitness to metronidazole, indicating that this drug might target multiple enzymes containing nucleotide-binding domains. The libraries are valuable biological resources for discovering drug or vaccine targets, ligand receptors, protein-protein interactions, and pathogen-host interactions. The library assembly approach can be applied to other organisms or expression systems, and the YSD-FS assay might help identify new drug targets in protozoan pathogens.