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Assessment of Blood Pressure in Irradiated Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Stephanie Achilles1, John D Olson1, Gregory O Dugan1
1Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Animal Resources Program, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Abstract:
There is increasing evidence that circulatory disease incidence and mortality is associated with radiation exposure. Wake Forest School of Medicine is home to a unique cohort of total-body irradiated macaques, some with evidence of vascular end-organ disease in the brain, kidney and heart. Because there is a link between high blood pressure and vascular disease in all these sites, we undertook a retrospective study to evaluate blood pressure and radiation in this cohort of animals. In this work, we utilized a cohort of nonhuman primates (rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta) long-term survivors of high-dose total-body irradiation (1.1-8.5 Gy, N = 129) and controls (N = 37) to evaluate the effects of radiation on blood pressure and obesity. Subjects were between 3 and 22 years of age (median 9 years). Blood pressure (BP) was measured 1-14 years postirradiation (median 4 years). Subjects were sedated with a combination of ketamine HCl (15 mg/kg body weight, IM) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg body weight, IM) and systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures were measured using a high definition oscillometer. Obesity was defined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as a body fat percentage >35%. Statistical analysis of the collected data indicated significant increases in blood pressure with increasing age and obesity. However, radiation did not significantly alter blood pressure in irradiated animals relative to controls, radiation dose, or age of irradiation.
Insights
Total-body irradiation did not significantly affect blood pressure in rhesus macaques. However, age and obesity were linked to increased blood pressure in this primate study.
Area of Science:
- Radiation Oncology
- Cardiovascular Science
- Primate Research
Background:
- Circulatory diseases are increasingly linked to radiation exposure.
- Vascular end-organ damage (brain, kidney, heart) observed in irradiated macaques.
- Hypertension is a known risk factor for vascular disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term effects of high-dose total-body irradiation on blood pressure and obesity in nonhuman primates.
- To investigate the relationship between radiation dose, age at irradiation, and cardiovascular parameters.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 129 irradiated rhesus macaques (1.1-8.5 Gy) and 37 controls.
- Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mean arterial) measured 1-14 years post-irradiation.
- Obesity defined as body fat percentage >35% via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Main Results:
- Significant increases in blood pressure correlated with increasing age and obesity.
- No significant alteration in blood pressure was observed in irradiated animals compared to controls.
- Radiation dose and age at irradiation did not significantly impact blood pressure.
Conclusions:
- While age and obesity are significant factors in hypertension in this cohort, total-body irradiation did not demonstrate a direct impact on blood pressure.
- Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between radiation exposure and long-term cardiovascular health.
Related Concept Videos
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

