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Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Microbiota and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Yu Lei1,2,3,4, Qianmei Liu1,2,3, Qilin Li1,2,3,4

  • 1Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|April 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Microbiome disruptions significantly impact systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development and progression. Emerging gut microbiota-targeted therapies, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise for treating SLE patients.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityDysbiosisMicrobiotaSystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiome research
  • Autoimmune diseases

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs.
  • Microbiota dysbiosis across various body sites (gut, skin, oral) is increasingly recognized as a factor in SLE pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the intricate relationship between the microbiome and SLE is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the impact of microbiome dysbiosis on SLE.
  • To explore novel microbiome-related strategies for understanding SLE mechanisms.
  • To identify potential therapeutic interventions for SLE patients based on microbiome modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating the microbiome in SLE.
  • Analysis of research on gut microbiota composition, function, and metabolites in SLE patients.
  • Evaluation of proposed mechanisms linking microbial dysbiosis to SLE pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • SLE patients exhibit significant disruptions in multiple microbiomes, particularly the gut microbiota (bacteria, viruses, fungi).
  • Gut dysbiosis contributes to SLE progression via mechanisms like increased intestinal permeability ('leaky gut'), molecular mimicry, and epigenetic alterations.
  • Despite research limitations, interventions like probiotics, dietary changes, and fecal microbiota transplantation are promising for SLE management.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiome dysbiosis plays a critical role in the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota offers a promising avenue for novel therapeutic strategies in SLE.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the complex host-microbiome interactions in SLE and optimize microbiome-based treatments.