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Extracellular microvesicles: biologic properties, biogenesis, and applications in leukemia
Muhammad Hossein Ashoub1,2, Maryam Samareh Salavatipour1,3, Fatemeh Hoseinpour Kasgari1
1Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Abstract:
Microvesicles are cellular membrane vesicles of which size is limited to 30-1000 nm. Almost all cells release them in response to activation signals and apoptosis. Their ability for intercellular communication and enhancement of potential for information exchange (between them) has attracted much interest. Their content is affected by the content of the mother cell, which can help identify their origin. Furthermore, these particles can change the physiology of the target cells by transferring a set of molecules to them and changing the epigenetics of the cells by transferring DNA and RNA. These changes can be induced in cells close to the mother and distant cells. Significant activities of these microvesicles are known both in physiological and pathologic conditions. In this regard, we have reviewed these small particle elements, their contents, and the way of synthesis. Finally, we discussed their current known roles to reveal more potential applications in leukemia.
Insights
Microvesicles, small cell-derived vesicles, facilitate intercellular communication and can alter target cell epigenetics. This review explores their roles and potential therapeutic applications in leukemia.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Microvesicles are cell-released membrane vesicles (30-1000 nm) involved in intercellular communication.
- They carry molecular cargo from their parent cell, reflecting cellular origin and status.
- Their release is triggered by cellular activation signals and apoptosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the synthesis, content, and biological activities of microvesicles.
- To explore the potential applications of microvesicles in the context of leukemia.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of microvesicle research.
- Analysis of microvesicle biogenesis and cargo.
- Examination of microvesicle-mediated intercellular signaling.
Main Results:
- Microvesicles transfer molecules, DNA, and RNA, altering recipient cell physiology and epigenetics.
- Their content provides insights into their cellular origin.
- Microvesicles exhibit significant roles in both physiological and pathological conditions.
Conclusions:
- Microvesicles are crucial mediators of intercellular communication with diverse biological functions.
- Understanding microvesicle properties and roles is key to unlocking their therapeutic potential in leukemia treatment.
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