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SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 in Children

Alpana Waghmare1, Diego R Hijano2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Vaccine, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Division Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|April 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Most children experience mild or no symptoms from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, some children may develop severe disease or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a prevalent infection among pediatric populations.
  • Clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 in children range from asymptomatic to severe disease.
  • Risk factors such as age and underlying health conditions influence disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children.
  • To discuss the post-infectious complication, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
  • To outline current treatment and prophylaxis strategies for pediatric COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • This article provides a narrative review of existing literature on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • It synthesizes information on clinical presentations, risk factors, and outcomes.
  • Current therapeutic and preventive measures are discussed based on available evidence.

Main Results:

  • The majority of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit mild or no symptoms.
  • Certain pediatric groups are at higher risk for moderate to severe COVID-19.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a significant post-infectious complication.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the varied clinical spectrum of COVID-19 in children is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
  • Early identification of high-risk children and prompt intervention are essential.
  • Ongoing research into novel therapeutics and prophylaxis is vital given the evolving landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildrenMIS-CPediatricsSARS-CoV-2

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