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Related Concept Videos

DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

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DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Overview
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
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Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

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In-vitro validated methods for encoding digital data in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Golam Md Mortuza1, Jorge Guerrero2, Shoshanna Llewellyn1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA.

BMC Bioinformatics
|April 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) offers a novel archival memory solution. Advances in DNA synthesis and sequencing enable efficient data storage and retrieval, validated by real-world experiments.

Keywords:
DNAData storageError correctionInformation encodingNucleic acid memory

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Information Science
  • Emerging archival memory technologies

Background:

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a promising candidate for long-term data archival.
  • Progress in DNA synthesis and sequencing technologies enhances storage capacity and reduces costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey and review methods for translating digital data to and from DNA molecules.
  • To highlight methods validated through in-vitro experiments with real-world data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA data storage techniques.
  • Analysis of methods for encoding digital information into DNA sequences.
  • Examination of techniques for decoding DNA sequences back into digital data.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of storing and retrieving real-world data using DNA molecules.
  • Validation of various data-to-DNA and DNA-to-data translation methods through experimental evidence.

Conclusions:

  • DNA data storage is a viable and increasingly practical archival memory technology.
  • Continued advancements in synthesis and sequencing are key to its widespread adoption.