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Protocell Self-Assembly Driven by Sodium Trimetaphosphate.

Yuyan Chen1, Lijie Yan1, Yangyang Chi1

  • 1Department of Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.

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|April 22, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium trimetaphosphate (P3m) facilitates peptide formation and N-acyl amino acid (NAA) synthesis in fatty-acid vesicles. This process diversifies membrane components and stabilizes protocells, suggesting a synergistic symbiosis crucial for life's origin.

Keywords:
N-acyl amino acidsmembrane self-assemblypeptide formation processsodium trimetaphosphatesynergistic effect

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Area of Science:

  • Origin of life studies
  • Prebiotic chemistry
  • Protocell formation

Background:

  • Co-evolution of peptide formation and membrane self-assembly is key to life's origin.
  • Research on prebiotic fatty-acid membranes and peptide synthesis interactions is needed.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for understanding early cellular evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate P3m-activated peptide formation of phenylalanine in decanoic acid-decanol vesicles.
  • Explore the formation of N-acyl amino acids (NAAs) and their role in vesicle systems.
  • Determine the mechanism of P3m activation in prebiotic systems and its implications for protocell emergence.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic investigation of phenylalanine peptide formation using sodium trimetaphosphate (P3m) in decanoic acid-decanol vesicles.
  • Analysis of N-acyl amino acid (NAA) formation pathways, distinguishing from traditional peptide formation.
  • Testing the reaction with 11 other amino acids to assess the generality of the P3m activation mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Peptide formation competed with NAA formation, which followed a novel P3m-activated carboxylic acid mechanism, not involving cyclic acylphosphoramidate (CAPA).
  • Decanoic acid activated by P3m formed mixed anhydrides, reacting with amino acids to yield NAAs.
  • NAAs independently formed vesicles, reducing fatty-acid vesicle concentration and stabilizing protocell membranes.

Conclusions:

  • P3m activation of carboxylic acids provides diversified membrane materials, aiding protocell formation and stabilization.
  • The P3m activation effect enables synergistic symbiosis between membrane formation and peptide synthesis.
  • This mechanism offers insights into the emergence of functionalized protocells and the amplification of primitive cells.