[Second and further lines treatment options for locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nephrology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• The treatment landscape for advanced kidney tumors is rapidly evolving with new therapies.
• Targeted therapies (since 2005) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (since 2015) have expanded treatment options.
• Optimal drug selection for sequential therapy remains a clinical challenge.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes clinical trial data and results for therapies used in second-line and subsequent treatment settings.
• It focuses on providing data to aid clinicians in selecting appropriate medications.
• Domestic treatment strategies are also discussed.

Key Points:

• Review of clinical data for targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• Guidance on selecting treatments for second-line and further lines of therapy.
• Inclusion of available domestic treatment options.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of advanced kidney cancer requires careful consideration of sequential therapy options.
• This review provides a data-driven resource for clinicians navigating complex treatment decisions.
• Understanding the efficacy of various agents in later lines of treatment is crucial for improving patient outcomes.