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Understanding landfill gas behavior at elevated temperature landfills.

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Landfill gas (LFG) analysis reveals distinct indicators for operational issues like high moisture or air intrusion. Unique steel slag cover at one site caused elevated methane and CO2 due to carbonation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Landfill gas (LFG) composition varies significantly based on operational conditions.
  • Elevated temperature landfills (ETLFs) present unique challenges for gas management and analysis.
  • Understanding LFG composition is crucial for optimizing energy recovery and ensuring environmental safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare LFG wellhead data from five ETLFs in the U.S.
  • To identify distinct compositional indicators in LFG for diagnosing specific landfill conditions.
  • To investigate the impact of alternative daily cover (ADC) materials on LFG quality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of LFG wellhead data, focusing on gas ratios like CH4:CO2.
  • Comparison of gas composition trends across multiple ETLFs.
  • Correlation of gas indicators with landfill operational conditions and material inputs.

Main Results:

  • Distinct CH4:CO2 ratios identified for typical operation, subsurface exothermic reactions (SERs), high moisture, and air intrusion.
  • ETLF C showed unique simultaneous elevation of CH4 and temperature due to steel slag ADC carbonation.
  • Observed trends included decreasing CH4 and increasing CO2, CO, and H2 in most ETLFs.

Conclusions:

  • LFG gas ratios serve as valuable diagnostic tools for landfill operators and regulators.
  • The use of reactive ADCs, like steel slag, can significantly alter LFG quality and temperature.
  • Co-disposal of industrial wastes and reactive ADCs require careful consideration due to long-term impacts on LFG.