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Defining rural spaces within pharmacy practice research: Current practice and implications.

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    Community pharmacies are vital for rural health, but their impact is unclear due to varied definitions of "rural." A consensus definition is needed to improve research and patient outcomes in these underserved areas.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacy Practice Research
    • Rural Health Disparities
    • Health Services Research

    Background:

    • Community pharmacies are crucial for mitigating poor health outcomes in rural areas, which face significant resource limitations.
    • The impact of rural community pharmacies is difficult to quantify because location is often excluded from practice assessments.
    • Lack of standardized definitions for "rural" hinders comparative analysis in pharmacy practice research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the definitions of "rural" used in U.S. community pharmacy practice-based research.
    • To identify the diversity of definitions applied to rural pharmacy practice in academic literature.
    • To advocate for a consensus definition to enhance research consistency and patient care in rural settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of U.S. pharmacy practice research publications focusing on rural pharmacy practice.
    • Analysis of 10 selected articles across two journals that explicitly discuss rural pharmacy practice.
    • Identification and categorization of the different definitions of "rural" employed in the selected studies.

    Main Results:

    • Eight distinct definitions of "rural" were identified across the 10 reviewed articles.
    • Definitions included federal designations and unique definitions created for specific research studies.
    • Significant heterogeneity in defining "rural" was observed, complicating cross-study comparisons.

    Conclusions:

    • A lack of a consensus definition for "rural" in pharmacy practice research impedes the ability to compare studies and build a robust evidence base.
    • Establishing a standardized definition is essential for developing effective, rurally focused interventions.
    • A unified definition can ultimately lead to improved health outcomes for rural populations served by community pharmacies.